Sunday, August 23, 2020

Alleviating Illness Naturally :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Reducing Illness Naturally Directly there is a general pattern to treat gentle diseases normally and to stay away from solid allopathic prescriptions. Individuals are grasping home grown cures which are more affordable, promptly accessible, and have a lot less symptoms. Echinacea, considered to have a noteworthy immunostimulating movement, is one of the most broadly utilized phytomedicinals for treatment of the basic cold, influenza, and other upper respiratory tract diseases (1). It is promptly accessible in fluid structure, containers, and in tea. You can buy it over the counter at the drugstore, grocery store, and even at Kmart. I, in the same way as other others, have attempted echinacea to treat the basic cold and influenza, however it never appeared to cause me to feel better. Am I the special case to profiting by this basic home grown cure, or has the American open everywhere been conned into accepting this plant will keep them from becoming ill? Starting at yet, there is no realized medicine demonstrated to fix the normal cold or influenza. Both are upper respiratory tract contaminations brought about by infections and subsequently treatment as anti-infection agents won't work. Prescriptions alluded by specialists, for example, antihistamines, hack suppressants, and decongestants, treat the side effects of the sickness however not the basic reason. Despite the fact that echinacea is like different medicines in that it doesn't endeavor to fix the ailment, it separates itself by legitimately animating the insusceptible framework. This epic methodology for battling the cold or influenza appears to fill in just as the more typical clinical medicines (2). The natural cure echinacea is a group of nine blooming plants having a place with the Asteraceae (Sunflower) family and indigenous to North America. Three species, E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida, are utilized in restorative enhancements. Fluid concentrates of the leaves or more ground portions of E. purpurea and E. angustifolia are the items most normally accessible in the United States, while E. pallida is experienced in Europe (2). The investigation of how herbs influence the insusceptible framework is a momentum intriguing issue in pharmacological research. Do herbs, similar to the echinacea plant, truly fortify our opposition and assist us with having more advantageous existences? There seems, by all accounts, to be a logical inconsistency between the intelligence of hundreds of years of perception and the investigation of logical lab inquire about. Echinacea was among the most mainstream herbs utilized by Native American Indians. Its notoriety in rewarding colds, hacks, and contaminations proceeded and in the late nineteenth century echinacea turned into the top of the line restorative color in America (1).

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Cache Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework

Store Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework Arrangement of Cache Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework for Bigdata application Ms.S.Rengalakshmi, Mr.S.Alaudeen Basha Unique: The term enormous information alludes to the huge scope disseminated information preparing applications that work on a lot of information. MapReduce and Apache’s Hadoop of Google, are the basic programming frameworks for huge information applications. A lot of halfway information are created by MapReduce system. After the finish of the assignment this inexhaustible data is discarded .So MapReduce can't use them. In this methodology, we propose arrangement of store director to lessen the outstanding task at hand of MapReduce structure alongside the possibility of information channel strategy for huge information applications. In arrangement of store director, assignments present their middle of the road results to the reserve chief. An undertaking checks the reserve supervisor before executing the genuine processing work. A store depiction plot and a reserve solicitation and answer convention are planned. It is normal that arrangement of reserve director to lessen the r emaining task at hand of MapReduce will improve the fruition time of MapReduce occupations. Watchwords: huge information; MapReduce; Hadoop; Caching. I. Presentation With the development of data innovation, huge spans of information have gotten progressively reachable at extraordinary volumes. Measure of information being assembled today is so much that, 90% of the information on the planet these days has been made over the most recent two years [1]. The Internet confer an asset for accumulating broad measures of information, Such information have numerous sources including huge business ventures, person to person communication, online networking, media communications, logical exercises, information from customary sources like structures, overviews and government associations, and research establishments [2]. The term Big Data alludes to 3 v’s as volume, assortment, speed and veracity. This gives the functionalities of Apprehend, investigation, stockpiling, sharing, move and perception [3].For examining unstructured and organized information, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and Mapreduce worldview gives a Parallelization and conveyed handling. Tremendous sum information is mind boggling and hard to process utilizing close by database the executives apparatuses, work area insights, database the executives frameworks or customary information handling applications and perception bundles. The conventional technique in information preparing had just littler measure of information and has exceptionally moderate handling [4]. A major information may be petabytes (1,024 terabytes) or exabytes (1,024 petabytes) of information made out of billions to trillions of records of a huge number of peopleâ€all from various sources (for example Web, deals, client place for correspondence, web based life. The information is inexactly organized and the vast majority of the information are not in a total way and not effectively accessible[5]. The difficulties incorporate catching of information, investigation for the prerequisite, looking through the information, sharing, stockpiling of information and security infringement. The pattern to bigger informational collections is expected to the extra data logical from examination of a solitary huge arrangement of information which are identified with each other, as coordinated to recognize littler sets with a similar all out thickness of information, communicating relationships to be found to distinguish business routines[10].Scientists consistently discover limitations on account of enormous informational collections in zones, including meteorology, genomics. The restrictions likewise influence Internet search, budgetary exchanges and data related business patterns. Informational collections create in size in part since they are progressively gathered by pervasive data detecting gadgets relating portability. The test for huge endeavors is figuring out who should claim enormous information activities that ride the whole association. MapReduce is helpful in a wide scope of applications,such as dispersed example based looking through procedure, arranging in an appropriated framework, web interface chart inversion, Singular Value Decomposition, web get to log details, list development in a modified way, report grouping , AI, and machine interpretation in insights. Also, the MapReduce model has been adjusted to a few processing conditions. Googles record of the World Wide Web is recovered utilizing MapReduce. Beginning periods of impromptu projects that refreshes the file and different examinations can be executedis supplanted by MapReduce. Google has proceeded onward to advancements, for example, Percolator, Flume and MillWheel that gives the activity of spilling and updates rather than clump preparing, to permit coordinating live query items without remaking the total list. Stable information and yield aftereffects of MapReduce are put away in a circulated record framework. The transient information is put away on nearby plate and recovered by the reducers remotely. In 2001,Big information characterized by industry expert Doug Laney (at present with Gartner) as the three Vs : namevolume, speed and assortment [11]. Huge information can be portrayed by notable 3Vs: the outrageous thickness of information, the different sorts of information and the quickness at which the information must be handled. II. Writing review Minimization of execution time in information preparing of MapReduce occupations has been portrayed by Abhishek Verma, Ludmila Cherkasova, Roy H. Campbell [6]. This is to buldge their MapReduce bunches use to decrease their expense and to streamline the Mapreduce occupations execution on the Cluster. Subset of creation outstanding tasks at hand created by unstructured data that comprises of MapReduce occupations without reliance and the request in which these employments are performed can have great effect on their comprehensive fruition time and the bunch asset usage is perceived. Utilization of the exemplary Johnson calculation that was intended for building up an ideal two-phase work plan for distinguishing the most limited way in coordinated weighted diagram has been permitted. Execution of the built calendar by means of unquantifiable arrangement of reproductions over a different outstanding tasks at hand and group size ward. L. Popa, M. Budiu, Y. Yu, and M. Isard [7]: Based on affix just, apportioned datasets, some enormous scope (cloud) calculations will work. In these conditions, two steady calculation structures to reuse earlier work in these can be appeared: (1) reusing comparative calculations previously performed on information allotments, and (2) registering just on the recently added information and blending the new and past outcomes. Preferred position: Similar Computation is utilized and incomplete outcomes can be reserved and reused. AI calculation on Hadoop at the center of information examination, is portrayed by Asha T, Shravanthi U.M, Nagashree N, Monika M [1] . AI Algorithms are recursive and successive and the exactness of Machine Learning Algorithms rely upon size of the information where, significant the information progressively precise is the outcome. Dependable system for Machine Learning is to work for bigdata has made these calculations to incapacitate their capacity to arrive at the fullest conceivable. AI Algorithms need information to be put away in single spot in view of its recursive nature. MapRedure is the general and strategy for equal programming of a huge class of AI calculations for multicore processors. To accomplish speedup in the multi-center framework this is utilized. P. Scheuermann, G. Weikum, and P. Zabback [9] I_O parallelism can be abused in two different ways by Parallel plate frameworks to be specific between demand and intra-demand parallelism. There are some primary issues in execution tuning of such systems.They are: striping and burden adjusting. Burden adjusting is performed by distribution and dynamic redistributions of the information when access designs change. Our framework utilizes straightforward however heuristics that bring about just minimal overhead. D. Peng and F. Dabek [12] a record of the web is considered as archives can be slithered. It needs a ceaseless change of a huge archive of existing reports when new records arrive.Due to these assignments, databases don't meet the necessities of capacity or throughput of these errands: Huge measure of data(in petabytes) can be put away by Google’s ordering framework and procedures billions of millions updates for every day on wide number of machines. Little updates can't be handled independently by MapReduce and other cluster preparing frameworks in light of their reliance on creating huge groups for productivity. By supplanting a bunch based ordering framework with an ordering framework dependent on gradual preparing utilizing Percolator, we process the comparable number of information reports averagely every day, occurs during the decrease of the normal period of archives in Google search which is come about by half. Use of the enormous information application in Hadoop mists is depicted by Weiyi Shang, Zhen Ming Jiang, Hadi Hemmati, Bram Adams, Ahmed E. Hassan, Patrick Martin[13]. To examine colossal equal preparing structures, Big Data Analytics Applications is utilized. These applications develop them utilizing somewhat model of information in a pseudo-cloud condition. A while later, they mastermind the applications in a largescale cloud circumstance with remarkably all the more preparing arrange and bigger information. Runtime examination and troubleshooting of such applications in the arrangement stage can't be effortlessly tended to by normal observing and investigating draws near. This methodology radically decreases the confirmation exertion while checking the arrangement of BDA Apps in the cloud. Matei Zaharia, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Michael J. Franklin, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica [14] MapReduce and its variations have been exceptionally fruitful in actualizing enormous scope information escalated applications on bunches of product base. These frameworks are worked around a model which is non-cyclic in information stream which is exceptionally less appropriate for different applications. This paper centers around one such class of uses: those that reuse a working arrangement of information over different tasks which is equal. This incorporates many AI calculations which are iterative. A system c

Friday, August 21, 2020

Modern Day Scarlet Letters essays

Current Scarlet Letters expositions How might Hesters red letter contrast with a portion of the red letters of today? Would Hesters demonstration of infidelity truly be considered as awful as a portion of different issues that happen in our present reality? Hesters activities today wouldnt have gotten a similar consideration as they backed in her time. Individuals today are considerably more acquainted with issues, for example, infidelity since they continually find out about it and have extremely simply figure out how to manage it in an ordinary consistently kind of way. We despite everything see numerous issues with the activities of individuals in our general public today; its simply that we have a wide range of and increasingly serious issues in our reality. Contemporary red letters are more genuine than the ones in the Scarlet Letter, composed by Nathaniel Hawthorne, yet at the same time identify with what Hester experienced. Infidelity was the topic of The Scarlet Letter it was viewed as one of the most dreadful and ill bred acts that could be submitted around then. All individuals in those days were genuinely strict, and the congregation assumed a key job in their lives; it gave them a lot of ethics and rules they needed to follow to live an upbeat, aware, and satisfying life. At whatever point somebody overstepped the laws and ethics set by the congregation, as on account of infidelity, they were seriously rebuffed, in light of the fact that they conflicted with ethics and laws that were higher than government, they violated the law of God, which was more critical to individuals in those days than government. Individuals today treat infidelity in an unexpected way. The possibility of God isnt as compelling as it was, harking back to the 1700s, on the grounds that not every person shares that confidence in God; in the United States, there is a very blend of religions and profound foundations, and that decent variety makes it difficult to make one right set out of ethics dependent on religion. Hence, acts, for example, infidelity arent rebuffed so cruelly, on the grounds that everybody doesnt consider it to be being off-base. ... <!

Formal and Informal Organisations Management Free Essays

Presentation This exposition depends on Formal and Informal associations and the subtleties and distinction between the two. Proposals and ends are additionally drawn dependent on the data introduced. Formal and Informal Organizations The basic ideas of formal and casual associations are respected with the nature and procedures in the work environment. We will compose a custom exposition test on Formal and Informal Organizations Management or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now A proper association is the real system of the association including its hierarchical outline and its hierarchy of leadership which decides responsibility. Be that as it may, inside the casual association, also called the ‘grapevine’ in a business, is the natural working connections that are set up in the business place and contributes essentially to work culture. (Reingold, 2007) The genuine motivation behind an authoritative diagram is to successfully layout the structure of the conventional association. It shows who is responsible to whom, from the top administration to center administration and cutting edge workers. It additionally shows the horizontalrelationships of the distinctive useful and operational divisions and office staff. This graph comprises of the utilitarian structure and is significant in the working environment to build up soundness, clearness in work connections and revealing measures among managers and subordinates. (Parker, 2002) Although top administration in certain organizations doesn't consider, the reality of casual associations when attempting to decide culture, it has a basic effect on work dynamism. Laborers collaborate with one another at various interims and in various circumstances, for example, lunch, in the lunchroom, and considerably after work. These experiences can enormously impact the degree of the feeling of belongingness every representative encounters or feels in the workplace. In the event that it is that these experiences are commonly negative, the nature of hard working attitudes and resolve will be extremely poor. (Reingold, 2007) Understanding the immediate detailing connections sketched out in the authoritative outline is frequently less significant than knowing the ‘go-to people’ in the organization. For aspiring representatives, this may mean looking beyondimmediate colleagues and supervisors and finding supportive guides and inward mentors that need to enable them to succeed. Data correspondence systems are likewise helpful instruments in figuring out how the organization functions just past what is passed on from top administration. Note that when bleeding edge representatives get provoked into the board positions they frequently overlook the criticalness in finding some kind of harmony between the conventional structure and casual systems inside the business. Trained structure and clear detailing connections are significant. In any case, the board likewise has a great deal to pick up by recalling that casual systems are genuine and is very useful. Supervisors can boost understanding on how workers feel towards their employments and how useful terms are working through natural discussions. While formal connections are critical to achieving authoritative and departmental objectives and destinations they are once in a while prohibitive to open cooperations. (Parker M. , 2003) A case of a proper association would be the Jamaica National Building Society which has clear compact objectives composed and appropriately imparted. It is an enlisted money related organization that offers support to people in general in an extremely sorted out and organized way both in physical space and data the executives. A case of a casual association would be an investigation bunch where connections are recognizable and there is no legitimate system or hierarchical structure that oversees the activities of the gathering. In organizations, workers are both piece of the conventional association just as the casual. A business assistant in an advertising organization is a piece of the proper structure of the business and is given an expected set of responsibilities and particular yet can likewise be a piece of a casual association inside a similar business, for example, an accomplice gathering. Suggestion Individuals in an association regularly work as indicated by the structure recommended by convention. Be that as it may, simultaneously, they create different connections in the association, which might be profoundly grounded on close to home as opposed to business related standards. Both formal and casual associations exist in all organizations and can affect their tasks in negative and positive manners. My inclination and proposals concerning picking between the two would be the proper association as it has numerous focal points. It establishes the crucial structure of the assignment of work and obligations. Without a structure it would be hard for workers to concur among themselves and their jobs and works and such issues duplicate in enormous sums with the expansion in size of the association. Furthermore, formal associations produce clearness of what backing and information every worker can expect structure others and thus what is anticipated from him/her by others. Extraordinary control is advanced in the business thus representatives have regard for one another. In formal associations it is simpler to audit and amend the association with evolving prerequisites. It gives a system or structure to setting down compensation scales and taking different choices connected to authoritative levels. It additionally helps in other HR improvement exercises, for example, enlistment, advancements, vocation arranging and advancement and labor arranging. End Formal associations are described by a hierarchy of leadership and engaged people to authorize settled upon rules. Rotary clubs and boy troopers are instances of formal associations. The two of them have a sanction expressing their place and capacity in the public arena. Then again, a casual association is one where the members have no engaged focal pioneer who has the ability to authorize leads on the gathering. References Parker, A. (2002). Fantasies about Informal Networks. Sloan Management Review , 345-350. Parker, M. (2003). The Psychological Foundations of Business Administration. The Early Siciology of Management and Organizations , 216-235. Reingold, J. (2007). Concealed Workplace. Remarks on association , 706-811. The most effective method to refer to Formal and Informal Organizations Management, Papers

Wednesday, July 8, 2020

Racial Stereotyping and Profiling - Free Essay Example

I chose the topic of racial profiling because it is of concern for many people almost any place you go. I think its very important that people do not overlook or downplay the negative impact of racial profiling. If they do, nothing will get better and no one will do anything to address the problem. I think people could fix this problem by not singling out another human being simply because of they belong to a different racial or ethnic group that is different from theirs. Racial profiling is a difficult issue to change because there are a lot of racist people who believe that they are better than or superior to others. Sometimes law enforcement agencies encourage racial profiling and unfairly target certain groups based on internalized negative stereotypes and prejudice. Racially-based profiling usually happens because police narrow their searches down to one race, which may not be right but is the best way to find who they are looking for. Even if there is a law against it, police officers often operate on the assumption that members of certain racial and ethnic groups are more likely to commit crimes or violate the law than others. Thus, individuals belonging to certain minority groups are targeted more so than other groups. People have tried many times to stop racial profiling but it usually doesnt work even when the NAACP (The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) steps in they cant even change it. The profiling of people by the police make people scared to go to them because they think that they wont help them or theyll be cruel to them. Police officers or agencies that do this affect everyone around them including their family members, friends, and co-workers. People of color are often associated with gangs, not having a good job, not having a good education, stealing, and drug abuse. If a kid grows up in a poor neighborhood with no opportunities and gangs, he/she is probably not going to turn out very well. For example, if you go through the ghetto part of Miami, which has a high percentage of people of color. Gangs may pressure someone to do a crime just to gain status and rank. Minority students committing crimes, especially of color, are more likely to have lived in a community with higher poverty and less qualified schools. Even if they were a very good student they probably didnt have access to high level courses that colleges are looking for. They also had trouble getting in to a good college because their school was small and not well known. Here are some statistics. Nearly 40% of inmates lack a high school diploma or the equivalent according to the census data (Orfield, NBC). We do, in the African American community, need to insti ll a stronger value on education, but minority students in general also need more early childhood education, longer school days, longer school years and more substantial summer job opportunities (Morial, NBC). (People in prison) points to the significant failure in our education system and how weve been raising our children (Morial, NBC). Parents need to stick around and raise their kid. If they dont want the responsibility well, then tough. They need to make sure that he/she grows up in a good community and that they are being good role models for them. Drugs will also help with that in making people do things they normally wouldnt do. They can also directly be arrested for taking certain drugs, like crack cocaine. Crack is a commonly abused drug amongst people of color. Drug offenders make up a big portion of people in prison. Crimes arent always done because someone is being stupid. Sometimes they are done sincerely out of the need for survival. Whether someone doesnt have enough to pay off debt, buy food, clothes, or housing. They also couldnt afford a good lawyer when they get caught up in a bad situation. People may resort to stealing something they need, even if it means hurting someone who stands in their way. Certain ethnic communities that physically have a higher crime rate will be patrolled more which may increase their numbers in jail or prison. There are more than 2,000 drug courts in operation, mostly in cities with large black communities ravaged by violence associated with crack cocaine. White offenders also are increasingly winding up in drug courts for abusing methamphetamine (Fears, pg.2). Other ghetto neighborhoods, of certain race, still have crime and there just isnt enough policemen around to catch them. We may have gotten rid of the worst of racial profiling through the civil war and Martin Luther King, but there is still some discrimination. Drugs, like crack, are abused more often by certain minorities, like people of color, have a higher sentence (also because these drug offenders show up in violent communities, and committing other crimes). Some very good examples of racial profiling/stereotypes at work is wars and disasters. Like when after the attack at Pearl Harbor, the United States captured all Japanese Americans in WWII. Also like the aftermath of 9/11 when the United States started to lock up any suspicious Arabians and Muslims. My conclusion is that racial profiling can be good or thought of as a necessity to do but it is often abused and unfairly carried out. This is a huge topic that humans have struggled over for centuries. There are many sides and subtopics to discuss. We are all responsible to fix this because everyone has a mental image that pops up when they hear about a certain race. I think in general people do a good job of pushing aside those thoughts, but then again I dont know everyone. In the end it all comes down to opinion and what you think is right or wrong. The civil rights of the profiled individuals are violated and often by people who are entrusted to uphold the just laws of society. Works Cited More Blacks, Latinos in Jail than College Dorms. NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 27 Sept. 2007, www.nbcnews.com/id/21001543/ns/us_news-life/t/more-blacks-latinos-jail-college-dorms. Fears, Darryl. A Racial Shift in Drug-Crime Prisoners. The Washington Post, WP Company, 15 Apr. 2009, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/14/AR2009041401775.html.

Thursday, July 2, 2020

Impression Counts - Free Essay Example

LaToya Fraser September 15, 2010 English 1101 Style # 1 First Impression Counts First impressions can make or break you in less than a second. People fail to realize that you only get one first impression, which can sometimes affect you for the rest of your life. The adage â€Å"The first impression is always the best,† tells you first impressions are always important and can a lot about a person. First impressions are very important and consist of three things: personal appearance, behavior, and body language. When going on a job interview you want to be fully prepared for your interview. The first thing you do is make sure your personal appearance is appropriate since you only get one chance to make a good impression. To make a good impression at a job interview you must make sure you look the part. Your personal appearance is the first thing the employer sees. By wearing the appropriate clothing and carrying yourself professionally during the job interview, lets them kno w how serious you are about getting the job. Your behavior is also a factor when it comes to first impressions. You can learn many things about a person from their behavior. For instance, if a person is nervous at a job interview or meeting someone for the first time, their behavior tends to come off wrong in front of the person they are trying to impress. They intend to be someone they are not instead of just being their self in front of people. The best way to be you is by going into the interview with confidence, good eye contact, and also very good body language. Body language is the last and most important part of a first impression. When it comes to body language you want to make sure you have good posture and make good eye contact while being interviewed. For example, when you take a seat you want to make sure you are sitting up straight and not slouching. When sitting up straight at your job interview you show that you are confident and interested. Another important bo dy language is eye contact, it is important to make direct eye contact at a job interview. Eye contact also shows confidence and honesty. When you intend to make less eye contact it either indicates that you’re nervous or you have no interest in the interview. Making a good impression at a job interview is very important because in the end it determines if you get the job or not. In conclusion, a first impression can be good or bad. A first impression is something everyone takes seriously or makes people think different about someone. First impressions are not always a bad thing because it lets people get to see the real you. If people get to see the real you it would not take as long for them to open up you. If they do not see the real you it may take longer for that person to accept you for you. To make a good first impressions remember to relax and remember your personal appearance, behavior, and body language also makes your impression count.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Jet Copier Case - 1335 Words

JET Copier Case Introduction This case involved a copy shop and the question of whether or not the store should purchase a backup copier to use when the primary copier breaks down and is being serviced. In order to make this determination, it is necessary to calculate the average length of time it takes to repair the copier after a breakdown, and the average interval between breakdown, which yields the average number of breakdowns in a given period, such as each year. Also necessary is knowledge of how much revenue is generated by the copier in a typical day, which would also represent the average amount of revenue lost for each day the store is without a copy machine (while the machine is being serviced). Taking all of these figures together, the annual lost revenue brought about by breakdowns of the copy machine can be estimated and compared to the cost of purchasing a backup copier, and from this a decision can be made: the company should only choose to purchase a backup copy machine if the cost of the machine is lower than the estimated revenue lost from breakdowns. Necessary Components Actually making a determination of each of these figures is more simply stated than accomplished. While broad and general estimated can be made using simply algebraic equations, more specific and realistic estimated can be achieved using the assistance of computers and specific software. In this case, Excel was used to create a spreadsheet and run simulations that provided costShow MoreRelatedJet Copies Case Problem Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment #1: JET Copies Case Problem    Read the â€Å"JET Copies† Case Problem on pages 678-679 of the text.   Using simulation estimate the loss of revenue due to copier breakdown for one year, as follows: 1. In Excel, use a suitable method for generating the number of days needed to repair the copier, when it is out of service, according to the discrete distribution shown. 2. 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Obesity On The Rise Of Obesity - 1756 Words

Obesity on the Rise Obesity is a fast growing epidemic in America. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009-2010, more than 66 percent of adults are considered overweight, and more than 33 percent are considered obese (Overweight and Obesity Statistics). There are many different factors that cause obesity, including poor nutrition, inactivity, health conditions, heredity, and the environment. Problems that arise due to obesity are costly. Society’s view on meal time and food is changing. Obesity is becoming more prevalent in today’s society. The best way to solve this rising epidemic is by taking action and living a healthier lifestyle. Obesity is linked to many contributing factors. One large factor is a lack of energy balance, which happens when you bring in more energy than your body uses. With the rise of fast food restaurants over the past decades, Americans are eating more and more calories every day. When you eat and drink more calories than you burn each day, over time, you will gain weight (What Causes Overweight and Obesity?). Another factor is having an inactive lifestyle. Electronics have taken over the time people used to spend doing physical activities. People spend hours in front of their TVs, computers, smart phones, and use their cars to go everywhere. If you were to ask your parents, or even grandparents what life was like when they were young, they won’t tell you they spent it in front of a screen or in the seat of a car.Show MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Obesity And Obesity Essay2014 Words   |  9 PagesDuring 2011-2014, over one-third of adults in America had obesity (Ogden, et al. 1). Politicians and tax researchers have come up with a plan to reduce the prevalence of obesity, by implementing an excise tax on items containing an excessive amount sugars. On average, sugar adds almost two-hundred kilocalories to a person’s diet, and these sugars provide no nutritional value (Brownell, et al. 1599). Type two diabetes and obesity link to consumption of sugary beverages, which is a reason they areRead MoreEssay on Obesity in America on the Rise1266 Words   |  6 PagesObesity in America Today, 78.1 million American adults and 12.5 million children are obese. Obesity in America is a unstoppable epidemic. Since the 1960s, the number of obese adults have doubled and the number of obese children have tripled. Because of America’s obesity problems, Surgeon General David Satcher issued a report saying; The Surgeon Generals Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight, said that obesity have reached epidemic proportions in America. Obesity in America has noRead MoreObesity Epidemic On The Rise And Something Must Be Done Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesObesity continues to be a problem in the United States. The obesity epidemic on the rise and something must be done to solve this issue. About seventeen percent of children and adolescents about 12.5 million are obese (Diet). An adult with a BMI (body mass index) higher than 30% is considered to be obese (Obesity). There isn’t a direct focus on obesity, because people don’t think it’s an impo rtant issue. To ensure a better future, solution is needed now. The solution to ending the obesity epidemicRead MoreAlarm For Childhood Obesity Is On The Rise Of European Countries Such As Norway Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesAlarm for childhood obesity is on the rise in European countries such as Norway (Andersen et al., 2005; Jà ºlà ­usson et al., 2007). The health concerns for obese or overweight children is particularly troublesome since children who are overweight tend to carry that weight into adulthood. Being an overweight child (and adult) can have a wide range of health concerns, from cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, joint pain, and on a more psychological level they may experience low self-esteem andRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children And The Dangers Associated With This Rise1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing the recent increase of obesity rates in children and the dangers associated with this rise. The research focused specifically on children who had survived cancer and later developed obesity, causing more complications in their health. This rise of obesity in child cancer survivors has been linked to numerous potential factors causing an increase in the possibility of developing this disease. The potential factors that increase the risk of childhood obesity in cancer survivors include, treatmentRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Obesity In America870 Words   |  4 PagesPrevention defines obesity as having a BMI over 30 (CDC). In the year 2000, roughly 30 percent of 20 year olds in America were obese. By 2003 that number had risen to 32 percent. That is a small window of increase. From the 1970s to the early 2000s, the percent of obese Americans doubled. This means that in 1970, only 15 percent of Americans were obese, and in the thirty years following, obesity took a sharp rise. In 1960, 13 percent of Americans were obese. The mean percent rise per year in the 1960sRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Med ical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents991 Words   |  4 PagesIf current adolescent obesity rates continue, predictions say by 2035 there will be more than 100,000 additional cases of heart disease linked to obesity (Collins 1). Childhood obesity has become more of an epidemic over the last few years. Although there are debates of childhood obesity being a problem, several factors contribute to childhood obesity such as parental feeding styles and fast food, nonetheless, which can all be prevented. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affectsRead MoreObesity : A Growing Problem1658 Words   |  7 Pages ​​​​​ Obesity ​​​​​ JoAnne DuBois ​​​​ Pima Medical Institute Abstract Obesity continues to be a growing problem in the U.S. with diet and lifestyle as two major contributors. Americans are becoming less active and eating more unhealthy foods that are easily accessible. Diet and lifestyle seems to be the more obvious causes for obesity, but there are many different factors that play a role in the continuing rise of this epidemic. OtherRead MoreObesity in the United States Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in the United States is on the rise and there is no end in sight. Obesity is a health problem that does not discriminate, it effects all ages, genders, and races. There are many factors that can cause an individual to become obese. These factors can include calorie intake, amount of physical activity, genetics, and environment. The rise of obesity in the United States has posed health and financial problems for this country that need to be dealt with. It is said that an obesity epidemicRead MoreEssay On Obesity In New Zealand1275 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurrence in communities of New Zealand is the rise of obesity. This vast increase is evident in Ministry of Health Adult obesity statistics. For example, ten years ago in New Zealand one in three adults - thirty-two percent were obese; clearly displaying the rapid increase in the adult obesity rate from twenty-seven percent in 2006/07 to thirty-two percent in 2015/16 (New Zealand Ministry of Health surveys, 2015/16). An interesting insight is why obesity has increased rapidly? A question that has been

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Poverty Between Poverty And Middle Class - 1454 Words

Poverty is visible anywhere and it happens everywhere, from the richest nations to the poorest. From the youth to the elderly, poverty can dramatically affect anyone. Some grow up in poverty, while others end up in it. Poverty has increased drastically over the years. The blame for the increased poverty has become an extremely controversial subject, as there are many contributing factors to spite each side. It is evident that it is the people in poverty themselves that is the underlying cause of it due to their insignificant will power and their choice to live off the government rather than working themselves. According to the US Census Bureau, the poverty rate was 13% in the 1980s, while in 2013 the rate was 14.5; meaning over 45 million people lived below the poverty line. Since then the numbers have only increased. Today s families are in worse shape than they were in the 1990 s and the gap between rich and poor is widening. As a result, the middle class has slowly disappeared. Th e lines between poverty and middle class soon begins to blur. It is unclear why and when this line became a mere facade. The shrinking of the middle class poses a serious threat to the US because it creates economic instability. As it diminishes, the poverty rate could potentially create issues domestically and globally. Is it wrong to blame the poor for their own predicaments? It sounds extravagant and over excessive, but most often those that entered poverty remain in it year after year.Show MoreRelatedAll Kids Should Take Poverty 101935 Words   |  4 PagesIn her essay, â€Å"All Kids Should Take Poverty 101,† Donna Beegle discusses the issue of poverty. She wants to help people understand and in turn decrease poverty in America. She suggests the solution of educating children in the k-12 system by having them take, â€Å"Poverty 101.† In teaching children â€Å"Poverty 101† it will help them understand the reality of poverty and not just the stereotypes th ey believe. Beegle hopes that will help empower those in poverty to help change their situation and will helpRead MoreA Framework For Understanding Poverty1155 Words   |  5 Pages What is poverty? The official definition from Webster’s dictionary is â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions.† Why are people poor? According to the Washington Post, answers will vary greatly. â€Å"Poor people are lazy. Poor people don’t care about education. They’re alcoholics and drug abusers. They don’t want to work because they’re addicted to the welfare system.† Ruby Payne, an American educator and author who is best known for her bookRead MoreThe Role Of Mass Media And Poverty1561 Words   |  7 PagesWithin this paper I am going to examine the mass media and and the role it serves in poverty and how poverty is perceived among the modern day public. The first thing we must examine is what exactly constitutes the media in all of its forms. Foremost, the media exists absolutely everywhere. Whether that be through TV, the Internet, newspapers, and radio. Each one garners for our societies undivided attention on whatever topic it chooses to be worthy of reporting and bringing to light. Overall theRead MoreBridges Out Of Poverty Summary1401 Words   |  6 PagesBridges Out of Poverty Ruby K. Payne, Philip E. DeVol, Terie Dreussi Smith Reader Response Introduction: This is a reader response to the work â€Å"Bridges out of Poverty† by Ruby K. Payne, Philip E. DeVol, Terie Dreussi Smith. The center stage of this book belongs to the discussion about challenges people meet trying to leave the generational poverty behind them and make a huge leap into the middle class. The authors suggest practical strategies to professionals and communities to help these peopleRead MoreAmerica In Five Classes Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesStates, people and their families are categorized in a class based on power, wealth and occupational prestige. There are five categories in the United States that categorizes our nation’s people. The classification of our nation’s status includes the poor, the near poor, the working class, the middle class, and the upper Class. The poor is classified when people are living below the poverty line set up by the U.S. government. â€Å"The poverty level adjusts for family size, and as of 2009 is $21,834Read MoreMinimum Wage Argument Jack Page 2/26/13 One of the hot topics recently in this country is the600 Words   |  3 Pages$10.10 per hour) with no loss in jobs.† (Dorfman, â€Å"The Minimum Wage Debate Should Be About Poverty Not Jobs†) ) They continue to say that by raising the minimum wage it will affect 16.5 million lower wage workers who are living and are below the poverty line. Barak Obama thinks that by increasing minimum wage in America it will decrease the ever growing income gap between the middle class and the lower class. Opponents of the minimum wage responded with a statement from the Congressional BudgetRead MoreA Poor Child Of Poverty924 Words   |  4 Pageslifetime of poverty is caused by the foundations of his or her education. When a child is raised on the losing side of the social spectrum goes to school, it isn’t the school that could potentially bring them out from the depths of poverty, but one that keeps them drowning in the same things their parents did. Unlike the poor, the middle class has a lead way to both sides. They are far enough up the spectrum to work hard to reach the top or give up and hit the bottom and the upper class will alwaysRead MoreWelfare Policy845 Words   |  4 PagesDescription According to the US Census Bureau, about 274,000 people, or 10 percent of the population in Chicago, Illinois are living in deep poverty (Emmanuel, 2015). Despite its high poverty rates, welfare in Chicago has always been small by any measure. At its peak in the 1990s, only 5 million families received assistance, averaging less than $400 a family (Piven, 2002). Frances Fox Piven believes that â€Å"changes in welfare were related to shifts that were occurring in a range of American socialRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty And Student Achievement : Does Poverty Affect The Culture Of A School?1195 Words   |  5 Pages The Effect of Poverty and Student Achievement: Does Poverty Affect the Culture of a School? Veronica Curtis, B.A, M.Ed Stony Brook University ABSTRACT Research Questions The following research questions guided this study. Research Question One According to the research literature, what effect does poverty have on academic performance? Research Question Two According to the research literature, what is the influence of behavior management strategies andRead MorePoverty and Crime (Sociology)1600 Words   |  7 PagesAshley Duran Sociology 1101 August 9, 2010 Poverty and Crime A social issue that has always intrigued me was crime (petty crime, violent crime, etc) in impoverished urban areas and the social and economic impact that crime causes in these areas. Before conducting my research into this topic, I have always pondered why crime and poverty are so closely related. Are these two so closely linked solely because of the lack of income in the area? Or are there some

The Animal Rights Movement (Arm) Comes From One Simple

The Animal Rights Movement (ARM) comes from one simple question, should animals live freely and be treated humanely? If animals were to be free then that would mean they couldn’t be experimented on or be forced to live in captivity for they would be free creatures. Also, humanely by definition means to be treated in a way that â€Å"shows compassion or benevolence,† so animals are to be treated equally as humans given the ARM. This is where the discussion for Animal Rights kicks in, with those who support animals having the right to live their lives freely without the cost of being experimented on, living in cages and becoming our food, against those who are against animals being free and consider them as property to further fund research and†¦show more content†¦He asks â€Å"can they suffer?† and he uses that reasoning to show how animals feel the same emotions as us humans, they can feel fear, neglect, pain, and for those reasons they deserve our mora l obligation to take all of that into effect rather than seeing them as property and solely for human use. Although this is the core idea of the ARM, there have also been very passionate activists who try to elevate animals to the same level as humans, or even choose to lower us to the animal s level to get a sense of equality. Some Animal Activists use force to get their point across and are accused of defeating their arguments purpose, but they defend themselves claiming that if it were human people being mistreated that force would be justified, which is why they adhere to this mentality. Lee Hall, a critic of the ARM even though supporting Animal Rights, claims activists to be hypocritical by using forceful methods when promoting the usage of violence to achieve changes it goes against the values that started the movement in the first place, for it aimed to stop animal mistreatment and achieve equal consideration. But those against the ARM believe that by giving animals rights w e will end up hindering our own rights in the end. As writer Damon Linker explains, â€Å"We should do more to protect animals fromShow MoreRelated PETA Campaigns Look to Turn Carnivores Green1450 Words   |  6 Pagesoffer of free vegetarian recipes if you visit their website. The message is clear PETA wants us to stop eating animal meat and they are willing to use fit body celebs and free recipes to do it. I think these ads are effective strategies for swaying consumer who is always looking for the next big thing to be a part of that involves a celebrity spokes model. The latest print ad to come from PETA is the provocative Angela Simmons print ad, in which she can only be described as being Eve of Eden inRead MoreThe Elements Of Realism In The Boarded Window By Ambrose Bierce1542 Words   |  7 Pagesbrown scary predator eyes show they are ordinary simple butterflies. There is a similar misunderstanding when examining the short story by Ambrose Bierce. When one looks close the story becomes clear. After considering both the slice of the life of Realism and the supernatural of Romanticism movement, the short story â€Å"The Boarded Window† by Ambrose Bierce is an example of Realism because it shows the life of an uneducated ordinary man. Realism comes closer to understanding the life of an uneducatedRead MoreNewton s First Law Of Motion1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthe net force divided by the mass. ¨ Newton’s Second Law of Motion applies to my car, because my force, when the mouse trap snapped shut, moved in the same direction as when my car moved forward. In Newton’s Third Law of Motion, it states that, ¨ when one objects exert a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first object that is equal in strength and in the opposite direction. ¨ The third law applies to my car because when the mouse trap snapped shut it exerted a force on myRead MoreTraceurs are People Who Practice Parkour853 Words   |  3 PagesNo, this kid is not using illicit drugs. He is in fact, a Traceur. A Traceur is a person who practices parkour, but first let me tell you what that is. Parkour is a very physical sport using your body to get from one point to another using the quickest way possible usi ng various movements like vaulting, rolling, and all other kinds of acrobatic stuff, but keep in mind that this is not acrobatics. Parkour has now become very popular through all of the different forms of media. Still don’t know whatRead MoreWhat Is Fear? By Harry Swan1476 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Fear? By Harry Swan Introduction Over the vast history of the human race, fear has protected us from possible threats. Whether it be rational or irrational, fear is always present and active in our minds. Over hundreds of years, many studies and tests have been performed to narrow down on the essence or meaning of fear, and today, we can be relatively certain of most aspects. Within this document, the outline or our basic knowledge of fear will be clarified. To explain this, I will attemptRead MoreLouis Vauxcelles s The Exhibition Of Braque1594 Words   |  7 Pagespaintings† effectively naming the movement largely led by Picasso and Braque Cubism. This name does indeed describe a majority of Picasso and Braques’ paintings well, at least in the visual sense. However, it must be noticed that the pieces completed by Picasso and Braque were not simple or little in meaning. Cubism was an entirely new way of doing art. The method of realism that had largely dominated the art since the Renaissance was ignored by Cubist artists. This break from tradition was supposed to helpRead MoreFunctions Of The Various Cerebral Cortex Regions Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantageous to be right-handed? 2. Outline a. The cerebral cortex i. Older brain networks endure simple life roles and enable memory, emotions and basic drives. ii. The cerebral hemisphere come as a duos iii. Cerebral cortex: a thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells 1. Brains thinking crown 2. Bodies control and information center iv. The complex functions of our cerebral cortex is what makes us distinctively human. v. Structure of the cortex: vi. The brains left and right hemisphere areRead MoreThe Death Of The Winter Formal1515 Words   |  7 PagesIt was late on a Friday night, just an hour before nine, which would mark the start of Northride High’s Winter Formal. While most students and chaperones were already arriving early, very few still lingered at home; and only one hadn’t wanted to go at all. â€Å"Teague, honey? Are you sure you don’t want to go? I’m certain all your friends will be there too, and they’d be very disappointed if you didn’t join them.† An anxious mother stood at the base of the stairs, calling up to her sixteen year old sonRead MoreEssay On Social Interaction1338 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresented in language and society, and how the linguistic form may reflect and shape the social and cultural conditions under which women and men live (UKEssays, 2017). Language is considered to play an important role in human interaction. It is one form of communication which is termed as verbal communication. In cultures, language is the factor that provides individuals with an identity and behavior. According to Hickey, language is heavily influenced by the cultural environment. Based on thisRead MoreLeft Neglected: The Power of the Mind878 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Left Neglect†¦is a real neurological syndrome that occurs due to damage to the right hemisphere of the brain, such as might follow a right-hemisphere stroke† (Genova 323). Lisa Genova, author of â€Å"Left Neglected†, explores the bewildering neurological disorder of Left Neglect through the eyes of Sarah Nickerson. Sarah is a multi-tasking champion who holds a prestigious position as the vice president of human resources at Berkley Consulting, is a mother of three kids, and a wife to her husband Bob

Internet and Online Gaming free essay sample

Online gaming is a video game played over some form of a computer network. This network is frequently the internet. The growth of online gaming has mirrored the overall growth of computer networks from small local networks to the internet and the overall development of internet access itself. (Anonymous, 2014) Local exchange network interfaces connect with online gaming systems in several different ways so, that people can play together from all over the world. An access network is a series of wires, cables and equipment lying between a consumer or business telephone termination point and the local telephone exchange. The access network is perhaps one of the oldest assets a telecoms operator owns, and is constantly evolving and as new services such as online gaming. This makes the access network one of the most multifaceted networks in the world to sustain. A metro network is in charge of combining information from the local exchanges of a specific service provider, as well as information from other independent service providers, and sending the information to the regional and long-haul/core network. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet and Online Gaming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A regional network is responsible for the accumulation of information from metro networks. It’s normally the last point before information traffic is put onto the core network. A prerequisite of the regional network owner is that it leases lines to other telecommunications service providers. Long haul networks are responsible for transporting vast amounts of information from the metro and regional networks in one part of the topography over very long distances to the regional and metro networks of another part of the topography. A crucial feature is that it runs in a webbing design so that there is always more than one course to get to its endpoint. Ocean networks are the most challenging, technically progressive networks that we have today, and the most costly networks to set up. The cables that carry these signals need to be installed on or beneath the ocean floor. These cables transmit signals over exceptionally long distances when linking continents using refined, high volume transmitters and highly engineered optical fibers and cables.

Basketball Essay Research Paper BasketballBasketball is a free essay sample

Basketball Essay, Research Paper Basketball Basketball is a great game that is one of the most popular in America. In this athletics you have to hold good purpose to hit, good jumping accomplishments to bounce, you have to be speedy, and besides have good ball managing accomplishments. In a existent game there are merely five participants on the tribunal, referees, foul outs, and regulations like no running with the ball, no fouling, out of bounds and no running over the other squads participants on discourtesy. I truly bask playing this game and I pattern a batch outside on my tribunal and drama for P.A.L in the winter. I think I am a pretty good participant and dream of playing for the NBA one twenty-four hours. Following twelvemonth I # 8217 ; m traveling to drama varsity for our school alternatively of wrestle and seek my best to assist the squad win. If I try truly difficult and pattern everyday I could be an highly good participant. I normally play with my friends after school for merriment or merely to drama about and hold a good clip, pattern on my ain to pattern things I need work on, or pattern with my pa and allow him give me some arrows. I love watching hoops games on Television and normally watch the Knicks drama. Out of all of the 28 squads in the NBA my favourite squads from best to least favourites are the New York Knicks with Patrick Ewing, Larry Johnson, John Starks, Charlie Ward, Chris Childs, Charles Oakly, and Allen Houston. Then I like the Charlotte Hornets with Anthony Mason, Tyrone Bouges, Glenn Rice, Gladie Divac, and Curry. My 3rd favourite squad is the Seattle Super Sonics with Shawn Kemp, Gary Payton, Schremph, and Perdue. My 4th and concluding favourite squad is the Orlando Magic with my favourite participant Anfernee Hardaway, Horris Grant, and Nick Anderson. My three favourite participants in the NBA are: 1 ) Anfernee Hardaway/ moniker: # 8220 ; Penny # 8221 ; 2 ) Larry Johnson/nickname: # 8220 ; Grandma # 8221 ; 3 ) Shawn Kemp/nickname: # 8220 ; Rainman # 8221 ; These participants have a batch of endowment and I enjoy watching them drama. For case Anfernee is a leader for the squad and has good base on ballss, good dribble, and good shot accomplishments. While Larry Johnson has good rebounding, reasonably good shot, and good dunking accomplishments. Last but non least Shawn Kemp who has great rebounding and dramatic dunking accomplishments including fancy stuff shots and great allyoops. I think hoops is a great athletics and that it will go on to be popular athletics for a really really long clip and that many states will play. As long as you try and pattern you can be a great participant and rule the tribunal. It besides helps if you # 8217 ; re large so you can acquire recoils and stuff shot but if you are smaller you can still be an first-class dribbler and shot and be a guard alternatively of the large centre in the center. To sum it all up hoops is a great athletics that uses a batch of different accomplishments so that everyone can seek to play.

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

The Gross Clinic Essay Example For Students

The Gross Clinic Essay In 1874, Thomas Eakins took a second course in anatomy at Jefferson Medical College. He attended surgical lectures and clinics presided over by Professor Samuel D. Gross. Eakins painted The Gross Clinic, to show the emotion involved in medical procedures. It appears as if the doctors performing the surgery have emotionally removed themselves from the situation at hand. By removing themselves from the emotional aspects of the surgery, the doctors can complete the task much easier than they would have been able to do if they had become emotionally attached to the patient. Had the doctors been emotionally involved in the surgery, they would have become more prone to making errors while operating on the patient because they would be thinking more of their feelings than they would about the surgery in progress. Although emotions are great and necessary things, sometimes trying to remove them is for the best. Another thing noticed by the viewer is the veiled woman crying next to the doctor. We will write a custom essay on The Gross Clinic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She is very involved in this operation by letting her emotions freely show themselves. This woman could be the mother or siblings of the patient, and while she knows that the surgery was necessary to save or improve the life of her beloved, it is difficult to watch. By putting emotions out into the open, as the woman has done, makes them easier to deal with. Keeping feelings bottled up inside can cause breakdowns and emotional instability. This adds another layer of complexity to the surgery. Performing the task would require enough of the doctors skill, but mix emotion into the equation, and the work, mentally as well as physically, is doubled. In the painting, Gross appears to be feeling a various assortment of emotions. He has paused his surgery and lecture, to deeply think about something. While he must keep his feelings in check, he also needs to by sincere for the sake of the patients mother and the students in the surgical amphitheatre. The head of the doctor is placed against a dark background, making it stand out. This creates a dividing layer of emotions. This emotion layer divides the onlookers, who have no real intentions other than to observe the lecture, from the actual participants involved in the surgery. The people in the foreground, whether fighting to get rid of them or choosing to let them to flow out, are dealing with some sort of feelings. The lighting of the head, allows the viewer to see the high forehead, deep set eyes, and furrowed brow of Professor Gross. The background also appears flat, making the eye drawn to the foreground. This effect gives Gross more of an emotional presence than that of the onlookers. All of these techniques are used to show emotion. In 1874, Eakins took a risk painting this oil on canvas picture of an ongoing surgery. People of the time thought it was too vulgar and graphic. By standing by his first decision of including the reality aspect of the surgery, Eakins helped to broaden the minds of some stern critics. His painting, showing the power of emotions, has become and American classic.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

How to Do a Sample Essay For English Placement Exams

How to Do a Sample Essay For English Placement ExamsSome may find it weird that you would be asked to write a sample essay for English placement exams. After all, you are a mature college student and do not need any more information than that. However, there are times when there are students who need a refresher in basic skills on the part of their teachers. A writing sample is often the best way to get a quick refresher on grammar, punctuation, and how to use the English language in its most useful forms.Unfortunately, many students find that they do not know much about the study materials that they are given during their years of study at college. These are the students who need a little help, a simple refresher course in general. This will allow them to understand the material better as well as enhance their writing skills on test day.A good sample essay is a helpful tool for teachers to give their students. They can teach students on how to improve on the specific areas that they feel are lacking in their writing skills. It also helps to show students that writing is something that they can learn. Instead of thinking that the materials are boring, a teacher should encourage students to actually write on these samples and see what happens.To make the most out of a sample essay, try to make the same style of style as you would your assignments. Write about a topic that you feel is related to the curriculum. You should also try to make the subject matter of the topic simple.Make sure to try to get into an easy research when reading through these samples. It does not have to be the best information on the Internet, but do not make it seem like you just skimmed through an article from one of the best web sites on the Internet. In addition, always try to put your own spin on things and personalize the essay by adding your own style andflair.Some of the topics on this sample might be about grade schools, colleges, and universities. Try to incorporate some student opinions about these subjects and then translate them into English. The goal is to make these opinions useful information for other students.Essays are usually not completed in one sitting. You should be able to finish your first draft in under two weeks, if you do not have deadlines. You can also have some form of proofreading done, such as a friend or family member reading over your piece to make sure it is not too technical or too long.Sample essays for English placement exams should never be studied ahead of time. For a great learning experience, however, you can do several samples before writing your essay. These have the potential to supplement your learning on a subject that you find difficult. These essays are also great practice for essay writing, which is the more important type of essay for your college or university.

Monday, March 16, 2020

Foreign Labor

Foreign Labor Foreign Labor, Is it good for the United States? On April 14, 2000, Nike founder Philip Knight cut off millions of dollars of personal donations to the University of Oregon. This sudden retraction was the result of the University's support of the Worker's Rights Consortium, a somewhat radical organization that doesn't try to cooperate with companies that use foreign labor. Instead, they are resistant to back proposals by companies to improve labor interests because their financial backing comes from American labor unions. These unions are understandably interested in promoting more jobs in America to strengthen families and improve the workplace.This issue reveals a much deeper problem for American companies. Should they use foreign labor? This comes down to the question of what kind of labor they need. If they are using labor that requires high levels of educations and training, it makes sense to use workers in one of the most educated countries in the world.Immigration Debate at Th e Weissberg Forum For Disc...The wages are high, but the productivity is also very high, which is a good investment from a business standpoint.What about industrial and manual labor, which American labor unions are so adamantly committed to defend? From an economic standpoint, it does not make sense to hire Americans for these jobs. These jobs will inherently be low-paying positions because of the minimum skill level required. As an educated nation, a large number of people are overqualified for many of these jobs. With high minimum wages and benefits offered to employees, the cost of many of the industrial goods us as consumers purchase would skyrocket if all the industrial and manual labor requiring jobs were held by Americans. When the cost of labor increases, so does the price of the resultant product. These added costs will contribute to inflation, which will bankrupt a...

Saturday, February 29, 2020

A Comparative Analysis Of The Education System In The United Kingdom And Pakistan

A Comparative Analysis Of The Education System In The United Kingdom And Pakistan Academic Skills There are different education systems that exist in United Kingdom (UK) and Pakistan. These two countries exist in different continents namely Europe and Asia. The United Kingdom (UK) is comprised of four countries namely Wales, Ireland, England and Scotland; education system that exists in all countries that forms a larger united kingdom is not such similar. There are some minimal similarities is some aspects. Pakistan is divided into four provinces. There are differences and similarities of education systems that exist within Pakistan in their four provinces in the case of UK countries. International comparison of education system is a key factor when determining how far a country has advanced in terms of innovation, technology, infrastructure and other factors of developments. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the education systems that exist in the UK and Pakistan in terms of structure, curriculum, religion assessments, and examinations among others. The education system that exists in Pakistan is three-tier; it includes elementary (grade1-8), secondary (grade 9-12) and higher education also known as tertiary education which follow after twelve years of schooling. Elementary education is divided into two levels. There is primary (grade 1-5) and elementary or middle (grade 6-8). This are delivered in primary and elementary school. Whereas education in UK is compulsory, education is not compulsory (statutory) requirement at all levels in Pakistan and this has led to an increase in illiteracy rate and low participation rate at all levels. In elementary schools, children between the ages of 5 years to nine years are enrolled. Education is not statutory in some UK countries like Scotland and England. In Scotland, the children entry age is five but it’s not statutory like in England; the differences that exist is that in Scotland is there is an existence of hard and fast cut-off dates in regard to what is normally considered as â€Å"rising fives†(Matheson 2000). The majority of children in rural schools in Pakistan join primary school when they have attained the age of six years or even more and unlike in UK where 5 years old are enrolled. Most countries in UK have their primary level split into two; there is key stage 1 (5-6 years) and key stage 2 (year 7-11).this is quite different with a three tier system being used in Pakistan. A primary education last for 7 years in Scotland and they do not have preparatory classes like in the case of England. Secondary education in Pakistan has duration of four years (grade 9-12). This is provided in government sponsored secondary and higher secondary schools. The majority of these schools have middle level classes. The institutions of learning that exists in all of their provinces are the same, the existence of colleges are meant to offer secondary classes. In UK, secondary schools normally targets age group of 12-16 and at times 12-17 or even 18 depending on the country, in which students joins A-levels. In Northern Ireland, major differences that exists is that their institutions exists in the basis of religious communities or sect; their schools are managed by three groups namely Catholics, community and protestants. In Pakistan, majority of their schools are government sponsored. Also there is minimal religious influence in their education sector; Islamic teachings are most commonly taught in various schools. The education system in Northern Ireland is characterized by religious segr egation, these does not exist in other UK countries (McAllister Dowds 2014). The parent’s attitude of selecting schools for their children of other religion is the rarest thing that happens in Northern Ireland just like in the case of Muslim parents in Pakistan. Their system allows religious schools which includes Muslims, Anglican, Jewish and Roman catholic schools. In Pakistan, the ministry of education has responsibility for curriculum for grades 1-12; curriculum bureau or curriculum Research and Development Center (CRDC) operates in all their provinces and their role is to provide academic assistance to ministry of education based in Islamabad. The process of formulation normally takes a lot of time; it thus requires experts’ opinions and inclusiveness, and representation from all provinces. The role of National Curriculum Review Committee is finalizing curriculum draft that would be followed nationally. The curriculum for higher education is formulated by concerned departments in colleges or universities (Shah 2014). The process of formulating a curriculum in UK varies in all their four countries. In Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, the curriculum they have is a statutory subject based. In Scotland, their curriculum from 5 to 14 is mainly based on five broad curriculum areas, 14 to 16 is based on eight study modes. The major diff erence that exists in primary and secondary schools in Scotland is that there is a domination of subjects in their curriculum. Also their curriculum is characterized by shorter academic courses and vocational modules. The rest of other UK countries have longer academic courses and vocational programs that usually lead to group awards. Pakistan curriculum formulation is more centralized and it is similar to other UK countries but not in the case of Scotland where they have flexible and teacher centered curriculum. In Pakistan, the district governments are in charge of assessment and examinations as from grades 1 to 12. A national curriculum test does not exist for primary, secondary and elementary schools in three provinces which includes AJK, FANA and FATA and unlike in the case of UK. In Punjab province, provincial and district governments have introduced national curriculum test both in primary (grade 5) and elementary (grade 8), this tests are conducted by district and provincial government. The continuous assessment test in Punjab determines ones progression in their academic system; this is per their examination reforms. Initially there was six assessments per year which was revised later to four assessments. There are compulsory examinations at the end of each grade all over their three provinces and it is conducted by different bodies which includes Boards of intermediate secondary schools (BISE) for secondary and higher secondary level; The Inter-Board Committee of chairman ensures th at there is uniformity and quality assurance across BISEs. In UK, their national curriculum are statutory most notably in England; this does not exist is Scotland. These tests are conducted in England at the end of each stage like KS1, KS2, KS3 and KS4. Primary SAT examination was abandoned in Wales on grounds that it wasn’t helpful when it comes to raising standards (Murphy 2014). Unlike in Pakistan; there is no much difference when it comes to awarding of certificates across the UK. The GCSE are awarded to students upon completing their 16 years of schooling while in Scotland, it is awarded after 17 or 18 years of schooling (McNally 2013). In conclusion, this study shows differences and similarities that exist in the Pakistani education system and UK education system. There are disparities in education system within the UK countries just like in the case of four provinces within Pakistan. What creates these divisions in education system of this two countries are the resources that are there in public schools; the Pakistani educational institutions experience lack of qualified and trained personnel despite the similarities that exists in terms of infrastructure between these two countries (Lall 2012).

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Privacy and Confidentiality of Client Health Information Research Paper - 1

Privacy and Confidentiality of Client Health Information - Research Paper Example Medical practitioners, be they nurses, doctors or health information managers are obligated both legally and ethically to safeguard a client’s health information from any undue influence or unauthorized parties as stated by Acker et al. (2007). The primary means through which boundaries are maintained, a trust created and client-caregiver relationship built is by considering the rights bestowed on the client and respecting them. This client right to privacy stipulates that they should control how their health information is collected, utilized and revealed. It is important to note that even health organizations have limited rights to client’s information more so regarding how it should be disclosed. This lays huge task on health information managers to ensure that such right is not misused. The most common case when this right is utilized is when the medical team shares health information in order to facilitate delivery of health care to the patient. A typical scenario is where a doctor explains the patient’s actual condition and the reason for certain medication to nurses attending to a particular patient (Sanbar, 2007). Such sharing cannot be deemed to be breaching the client’s right to control disclosure as nurses need to be informed so as to efficiently and effectively deliver health care. The following is the specific information that one needs to know in regards to client information, its confidentiality, access, disclosure and special considerations. Conversations form the easiest way by which client’s health information is disseminated. As such it is an easy means through which the same leaks to unauthorized parties. It is therefore paramount for anybody to be aware of their environment before initializing conversations regarding confidential information about a client. This will definitely avoid people from overhearing such information. Contrary to popular belief, withholding just the name is insufficient to uphold confidentiality (Pozgar, 2008).

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Moral Permissibility of Deriving Stem Cells from Surplus Embryos Essay

Moral Permissibility of Deriving Stem Cells from Surplus Embryos - Essay Example One way to cure this disease is by transplantation of the pancreatic islet cell, the availability of the donated organs is very less for transplant. The stem cells if are induced to differentiate into functional islet cells in the lab, they may form a renewable source for transplantation, allowing this cell-based treatment to become available on a practical scale. (Mastroieni, n.d.) "Recent reports suggest that one of the most promising potential treatments may come from the use of stem cells, undifferentiated cells that can be coaxed into becoming insulin-producing islet-like cells that reduce diabetes symptoms in mice." (Mastroieni, n.d.) Spare embryos, the principal source of embryonic stem cells, are the unavoidably surplus unions of sperm and egg produced in fertility clinics. The embryos are often stored for years and ultimately discarded (Wade, 1999). Then it should not be a problem to use these spare embryos as they will ultimately be discarded anyways. One of the basic arguments for the moral permissibility of the use of these embryos are that the cost of destroying them is far less than the cost of the personal, social and economic costs of the diseases that these stem cells can cure. They can not be equaled to human life, even though they are living things. Some embryos do not even implant after conceived. In some countries it is legal to have an abortion; here the embryo is anyways going to waste. It would be better to utilize these embryos for research and cures rather than just throwing them. Embryonic stem cells can treat a larger number of diseases because they have greater plasticity, and divide more rapidly than adult stem cells. The embryo is taken before the primitive streak is formed. Until then it can be one individual which can separate into two and become twins, or it can be two embryos which can combine and form into one. Thus taking an embryo at this time does not account it as a human being. The number of people affected by diabetes alone is 190 million people around the world. This disease can lead to death and serious complications are common. These stem cells have the ability to cure many diseases not just diabetes. Another thing to keep in mind is that if it were so wrong, the government would never allow research to happen on such things in the first place. Women who give their surplus embryos are not forced into doing so. Rules can be introduced to control the process so that misuse of these embryos does not take place. One such law suggested by Louis M. Guenin is, "The government shall support biomedical research using human embryos that, before or after formation, have been donated to medicine under donor instructions forbidding intrauterine transfer." This way the donor has full control over what happens with the embryos even after it is implanted into another human being. The arguments against the moral permissibility of deriving stem cells from surplus embryos are that some of these embryos may be helpful during research but when used on actual human beings could be dangerous. Apart from this there may be genetic side effects because of manipulation. An example is the recent successes in reprogramming skin cells by fusing them with embryonic stem cells leave scientists wondering whether the genome of the original somatic cell might be 'contaminated' by the embryonic stem cel

Thursday, January 23, 2020

1850-1860 :: Essays Papers

1850-1860 The decade of the 1850’s bought about an era of change for American citizens, which included economic revolutions and a rise in agriculture and manufacturing. This was largely due to a revolution in transportation. In 1851, a 483-mile Erie Railroad was completed which linked the Hudson River to Lake Erie (Brown 88). 1852 transformed the history of the Chicago railroad with the construction of Illinois Central. This proved to be very profitable. In fact, an 1852 report to Congress concluded "a farmer would save a large amount of money by shipping his goods by railroad, rather than by steamboat or ordinary roads" ("The City Transformed" 14). Trains raised the standards for the U.S. because it enabled people in our economy to transport cotton and wheat to European markets. Trains were able to ship material faster to different harbors, which helped the shipping industry. During this time, however, slavery and child labor were very common. Consistent with economic expansion, the na tion also began to expand communications. People had access to a mailing system, a daily newspaper and the use of the telegraph. However, most of the people in the country were unable to use these resources. For example, only 10 percent of the nation could afford the paper (Brown 51). These changes were not only facing America, but spread globally throughout this decade. Influential world events took place during these years. Many kings and emperors were replaced, and wars between foreign countries began. In 1851 President Louis Napoleon led a coup d’etat in France. Only one year later he proclaimed the Second Empire in France, and Louis Napoleon was named Napoleon III on December 2, 1852. During this time, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, and Auguste Comte wrote works on social class structure. In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (Brown 8). Religion was also an important issue during this time period. Catholic Bishops began to accept titles in Europe, and religious organizations began to form. Landscape painting was the major art movement during this period. Most of the paintings were depictions of the wilderness, but they also portrayed ideas such as mortality. Between the periods of 1850 to1870, a new era of artists introduced a greater sense of realism rather than the romantic style used by their precursors (Brown 27). Their work was more detailed because they used a style called luminism. This style relied heavily on the effects of light, the atmosphere and scenery (Brown 27).

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Algae Blooms and Their Effects on Water Sources

Blue – green algae are scientifically known as cyanobacteria. They are also known as pond scum. They belong to the family of bacteria and naturally develop in shallow, warm and still waters. These conditions are present in fresh water lakes, ponds, and wetlands. In order to survive and grow the algae blooms need sunlight and thus they are photo synthetic bacteria. The name blue – green algae can be attributed to the fact that the first species of this algae were blue – green in color. There are other types of algae, namely, olive – green colored and red colored.During the months of July and August, the population of the algae grows enormously due to the fact that the congenial conditions of hot, calm weather are fulfilled in these months. These weather conditions help create large numbers of blue – green algae, which are often called blooms. These blooms incline upwards to the surface of the water and cover the water. They resemble thick pea soup th at is blue – green in color and they occur naturally. A large portion of blue – green algae blooms are either toxic or poisonous. Wildlife, livestock or humans who consume these algal blooms could possibly die (Blue-green Algae Blooms.BC HEALTH FILES). The cyanobacteria have a dual effect on humans. One variety of these algae acts as a natural fertilizer for rice, whereas there are other variants of this class of bacteria, which contain dangerous toxins. The toxins of cyanobacteria cause a rash in humans. Some cyanobacteria emit high levels of neuromuscular toxins, which kill the fish that consume it. The water containing such algae, on being consumed by animals proves to be fatal. If conditions are favorable, the cyanobacteria grow in profusion and such dense algal blooms produce potent toxins that render seafood highly poisonous.The people who consume such seafood are bound to die. Algal blooms cause a discoloration of water and impart a malodorous smell and a bad ta ste to it (Steinman). During the summer season, algae blooms develop on the lakes and other reservoirs in the entire region and the blue – green algae grow abundantly on the water. They need combinations of high levels of nutrients, warm water, and prolonged sunny weather conditions. These algae make the water become odorless or pungent and the taste unpleasant. Eventually the water becomes unfit for human consumption.The various recreational activities on the Lake of the Prairies are severely hindered in summer, because the algae blooms grow abundantly on the water in summer. In Brereton Lake in the Whiteshell, the fish population was killed by the algae blooms, in the year 1990. During summer, the huge population of algae blooms in the Shoal Lake renders the water tasteless and causes a severe drinking water problem in Winnipeg (State of the Environment Reports). The blue – green algae blooms contain two different types of toxins. One type consists of neurotoxins tha t interfere with the nervous and respiratory systems of human beings.These neurotoxins cause muscle tremors, stupor, staggering, rapid paralysis, and respiratory problems. Consuming these toxins generally results in death within thirty minutes. A number of dead bodies of animals that have consumed the water, contaminated with the algal blooms, can be found near water bodies like lakes and ponds. The consumption of these algal blooms is fatal irrespective of whether an animal or a human consumes them (Blue-green Algae Blooms. BC HEALTH FILES). The other type of toxins is the hepato – toxins. These toxins damage the liver which results in slow death.Animals or humans who drink water contaminated with toxic strains of blue – green algae blooms would die within thirty – six hours. Jaundice and sensitivity to sunlight are the immediate symptoms of these toxins. Animals that consume water containing this toxin develop these symptoms (Blue-green Algae Blooms. BC HEALTH FILES). Harmful Algae Blooms cause great economic loss. They hinder activities such as commercial fishing, tourism, cultural traditions, recreational, and subsistence harvests. Maryland sustained a huge economic loss in the year 1997 due to such contamination.The seafood industries depicted a decline of over ten percent of their gross sales due to harmful Algae Blooms in the water. This industry had been making huge profits with an annual rate of increase of seventy – four percent till 1996. The reduction in sales was approximately forty – three million dollars. This huge loss was attributed to the Pfiesteria toxins of the algae blooms. In addition, persons who had been affected by this localized toxic outbreak of Pfiesteria developed several neurological diseases ( Harmful algae blooms in Mary land ).Furthermore, algal blooms cause the discoloration of water, formation of foam on the water, depletion of oxygen, and death. Some fish such as benthic fauna and wild or c aged fish or shellfish get poisoned and consuming those fish results in death. The uncontrolled growth of plankton algae causes organic matter to accumulate at the bottom of the water bodies. The ecosystem is adversely affected and the local biodiversity is harmed due to the uncontrolled growth and preponderance of filamentous macroalgae. The growth of these algae is due to the presence of excessive nutrients in the water (European Environment Agency).Domestic water supplies in the cities Brandon and Morden depend on the Assiniboine River and Lake Minnewasta. Algae blooms on these water sources result in the loss of taste and odor in this water. The water department in Brandon increased the rate of chemical feed at the water plant in order to manage this problem. In Morden, the staff added copper sulfate to Lake Minnewasta to eradicate the algae. Although these problems prevail for a short period, the residents of the cities have to countenance a great deal of inconvenience. Consequ ently, the people commenced to depend on other sources of drinking water (State of the Environment Reports).With the advancement of scientific knowledge, humans are deriving a number of advantages from the algae blooms. Some of these advantages include the production of food for people as well as animal livestock, using them as binding agents in the preparation of ice creams and shampoos, and using the algae in medicines to control certain diseases. Commercial farming of over 150 species of algae as a vital source of food is one of the positive aspects of the algae. In Japan, China, and Korea people consume seaweed that has been prepared by using algae.The revenues from such seaweed have been estimated at $2 billion per annum. Nori a red algae is a very popular item of food in these nations (Steinman). In North America and Europe, seaweeds are food supplements for animals. Some species of cyanobacteria are rich in proteins. Spirulina is very popular in this respect and it is grown i n ponds commercially. Spirulina is considered to be a health food and cattle dietary supplement. Seaweeds are a very rich source of concentrated potassium and trace elements; therefore, they are used as fertilizers and soil conditioners, in order to increase crop production.Another species of cyanobacteria converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which is a very useful plant nutrient. Growing cyanobacteria is a major agricultural activity in the tropical countries, because it provides nitrogen to rice (Steinman). Eutrophic reservoirs generally contain cyanobacteria, whose blooms destroy the aquatic environment and prove fatal to animals and humans. They are largely prevalent in water bodies all over the world. In South America, these cyanobacteria have caused the death of a very large number of fish and aquatic life.For example in Chile the blooms of these bacteria produced microcystine L – R production, which caused an enormous destruction of aquatic life. Similarly, in Bra zil, PSP phycotoxins were present in large quantities in water. Moreover, these cyanobacteria have produced hepatotoxins like Microcystis that resulted in severe ailments of the liver (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Phycotoxins: Occurrence in South America ). Blue – green algae are as widespread as bacteria and are found to a large extent in either neutral or alkaline Eutrophic fresh water plankton and in the plankton of tropical seas.The benthic forms are usually found in hot springs, snow, ice, tree trunks. Cyanophyceae live in symbiosis with several animal and plant species. Moreover, the phycobiont of a large number of lichens is made up of these Cyanophyceae (Cyanophyceae. McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology). Apart to forming important contributors to food chains, a number of benefits are obtained from the blue – green algae. One such important activity is the fixing of Nitrogen in the soil so that rice paddies are enriched to a significant extent.Nevertheless, these blue – green algae are a veritable pestilence on occasion, for instance, they impair the function of filters by clogging them, make domestic water supplies unfit to drink due to engendering bad smell and taste, render swimming pools, aquariums and fountains unusable and cause the death of birds, fish and domestic animals (Cyanophyceae. McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology). Some of the earliest forms of life on this planet consisted of these blue – green algae and their fossils have been discovered in rocks that had been determined to be around 2.3 billion years old. Furthermore, the accretion of oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere has been attributed to these blue – green algae (Cyanophyceae. McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology). It is essential to identify and monitor water bodies that contain algal blooms, in order to ensure that the quality of the water does not deteriorate. However, there risk of the occurrence of these blooms cannot be entirely eradicated and it is the duty of the water managers and the general public to keep a close watch over these water bodies so that any algae bloom can be detected.Further, a proper course of action has to be implemented, which will deal with blooms and their resultant problems in an appropriate manner (Algal Blooms – Causes and Management. Victorian Resources Online ). Harmful Algal Blooms or HABs cause significant harm to the economy, ecology and society, it has the potential to cause the death of shellfish, dolphins, manatees and humans. These HABs contain toxins that on becoming airborne make breathing difficult in people, which leads to a decline in the number of people visiting the seaside.Over a period of time almost all the coastal states have fallen prey to the depredations of these algal blooms. The gravity of the situation can be gauged from the fact that advanced detection techniques are being employed to detect and control these blooms and examples of these are biochemical detectors, computer simulated models and satellites. Nevertheless, the fact remains that loss to the tune of millions of dollars takes place annually due to these algal blooms (Mitigating Harmful Algal Blooms ). Works Cited Harmful algae blooms in Mary land . 16 July 2007 .Algal Blooms – Causes and Management. Victorian Resources Online . 9 July 2007. 16 July 2007 < http://www. nre. vic. gov. au/DPI/Vro/vrosite. nsf/pages/water-river-algal-manage>. Blue-green Algae Blooms. BC HEALTH FILES. 16 July 2007 < http://www. bchealthguide. org/healthfiles/hfile47. stm >. Cyanophyceae. McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. 2004. 16 July 2007 . European Environment Agency. Algal bloom in coastal waters. 16 July 2007 . Mitigating Harmful Algal Blooms .1 February 2007. 16 July 2007 . â€Å"Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Phycotoxins: Occurrence in South America . † Comments on Toxicology (2 003): ISSN: 0886-5140. Vol. 9. Pp. 175 – 193. State of the Environment Reports. Algae Blooms Perennial Problem of Water Supplies on the Prairies. 16 July 2007 . Steinman, Alan D. â€Å"Algae. † In Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2005 .